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Michigan Department of State Police v. Sitz

DUI Checkpoints and the Fourth Amendment

For police officers, Michigan Department of State Police v. Sitz means that DUI checkpoints are not automatically unconstitutional just because officers lack individualized suspicion for each driver stopped. A checkpoint may be lawful if it is structured, limited, and aimed at roadway safety rather than general crime control.

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Brady v. Maryland

The Rule Prosecutors Cannot Ignore

Brady v. Maryland requires prosecutors to disclose material evidence favorable to the accused when it bears on guilt or punishment. The rule protects the fairness of criminal trials and applies regardless of whether the prosecution acted in good or bad faith.

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Pearson v. Callahan

The Case That Loosened Qualified Immunity

Pearson v. Callahan changed qualified immunity procedure. The Court held that judges are no longer required to decide the constitutional violation question before asking whether the law was clearly established.

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Results for "Use of Force"

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Pursuits Vehicle Operations

United States v. Silcott

377 F. Supp. 3d 12722019District Court, D. Kansas

United States v. Silcott: for officers, the confirmed takeaway is limited: suppression motions are often decided based on the specific facts developed at an evidentiary hearing. Reports, testimony, video, dispatch records, and the sequence of officer observations can become critical when a defendant later challenges the evidence.

Pursuits Vehicle Operations

Salinas v. City of Houston

138 F.4th 8222025Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit

Salinas v. City of Houston is a pursuit and vehicle-shooting case, but its lessons are narrower than a general rule about all pursuits or all post-crash encounters. The Fifth Circuit’s decision was tied closely to the facts captured on body-worn camera: the officers had vehicle information before the stop, activated their lights, observed a failure to stop, engaged in a pursuit, confronted the driver after a crash, gave many commands, and fired only after repeated reaching movements inside the vehicle.

Use Of Force

Z. J. v. Kansas City Brd of Police Comm

931 F.3d 6722019Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit

Z. J. v. Kansas City Brd of Police Comm: for officers executing warrants, this case is a strong warning that a flash-bang grenade is not just a routine entry tool. It is a significant use of force that must be tied to the actual risks known at the time.

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