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Use of Force

Garner

471 U.S. 1Supreme Court of the United States1985Mar 27, 1985

Summary

Tennessee v. Garner sets the constitutional standard for deadly force against fleeing suspects.

Legal Issue

When may officers use deadly force against a fleeing suspect?

Holding

Deadly force may not be used against a fleeing suspect unless the officer has probable cause to believe the suspect poses a significant threat of death or serious physical injury.

Rule of Law

The Fourth Amendment limits deadly force against fleeing suspects to situations involving a significant threat of death or serious physical injury.

Court Reasoning

The Court balanced the individual's Fourth Amendment interests against the governmental interest in effective law enforcement.

Impact for Officers

Officers must evaluate threat, not just flight.

What Officers Can Do

Use deadly force when probable cause supports that the suspect poses a significant threat of death or serious physical injury.

What Officers Should Avoid

Do not use deadly force solely because a suspect is fleeing.

Common Misunderstanding

Garner does not ban all force against fleeing suspects; it limits deadly force.